While the car continues the transition from a hardware-driven machine to a software-driven electronic device, the mechanic training of the automotive industry is being rewritten.

Nowadays, software, large computing power and advanced sensors enable most modern innovations, from efficiency to connectivity to autonomous driving to electrification and new mobility solutions.

However, as the importance of electronics and software has increased, so does complexity. Take the exploding number of software rules (SLOC) in modern cars as an example. In 2010, some vehicles had around 10 million SLOCs; by 2016 this has been expanded by a factor of 15 to around 150 million lines. A snowball effect of complexity causes significant software related problems, as evidenced by millions of recent recall actions for vehicle updates.